Ta Phraya National Park is located in the southeast of the Khorat Plateau. The area is quite long, positioned in the west-east direction from Ban That Mountain range to Phanom Dongrak Mountain range at about 206 – 579 meters above mean sea level, with an average slope of 35 percent. The highest peak is on the western side of Ta Phraya National Park which is Phran Nut Mountain, at about 579 meters above sea level. The Ban That Mountain range's northern side is a long slope, while the southern side is a sheer cliff that descends to the low plains. Therefore, many streams and creeks flow from the mountains in the National Park to the north, such as the Nangrong River, the Changhan River, the Pa Thia River, and the Huai Sap Kra Don (flows into the Nangrong River), the Huai Tru Ma Miang and Huai Haeng (flow into the Changhan River), the Huai Hin, Huai Din Sai, and Huai Na Nuea (flow into the Pa Thia River), the Huai Phlu, Huai Mekha, Huai O Bok, and Huai Fai Mai. The Sa Ton River is the only main river that flows from the west to the southern part of the national park.

        In the general climate of this region is influenced by southeast monsoon and northeast monsoons. During the southwest monsoon season, from mid-May to October, moisture is carried from the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, causing this area to receive an average monthly rainfall of between 100 millimeters and 140 millimeters. The Phanom Dongrak Moutain range will collide with monsoon winds and rain on the windy side during the southwest monsoon season.
There are three seasons.
1. Summer starts from February to April.
2. Rainy season starts from May to October.
3. Winter starts from November to January. The average temperature throughout the year is about 39.8 degrees Celsius, and the lowest temperature is about 14.3 degrees Celsius.

         However, the amount of rainfall depends on which direction the area is located in the Phanom Dongrak Mountain range. If the area is in the windward zone of the Phanom Dong Rak Mountain range, there will be more precipitation on the windswept side than on the windless side. It is influenced by the northeast monsoon during the winter. The temperature ranges from 24.9 to 27.7 degrees Celsius.

      Ta Phraya National Park has a forest area of approximately 77 percent, or 300,000 rai (480 square kilometers), which excludes grassland and small plants. Forest areas
are classified into four types as follows:
       1.Tropical rain forests are scattered in the middle of the national park. It accounts for 49% of the forest's total area. The rubber tree family, which includes Dipterocarpus dyeri Pierre, Dipterocarpus baudii Korth, Dipterocarpus gracilis Blume, and Schima wallichii Korth, is the most common type of plant.
        2. Dry evergreen forest is distributed in the west and south areas and slightly found in the eastern part, considered 20 percent of the forest area. Important species of wood include Dipterocarpus turbinatus C.F.Gaertn , Dipterocarpus alatus, Hopea ferrea Laness, Iron Wood, Black Rosewood, Afzelia xylocarpa, and Tetrameles nudiflora R.Br.
         3. Mixed Deciduous Forest On the eastern part of the national park area, scattered there is a total area of 2% of the forest. Important types of wood, such as Black Rosewood , Burma Padauk, Ironwood (Xylia xylocarpa) , Hopea ferrea Laness, Sindora siamensis, and Afzelia xylocarpa.
        4. Secondary forest/abandoned farm/scrub forest is a forest that replaces encroached, cleared, and left areas. It is located in the northeastern and southern parts of the National Park area.

Wildlife
        The Natural Resources Field Survey indicated a total of 327 species of wildlife, with details as follows:
      - There are 14 species of wildlife that is extremely abundant, including two mammals, ten birds, one reptile, and one amphibious. Animals in this group are Finlayson's Squirrel, Spotted Dove, Lat-tailed House Gecko, Rice Field Frog .
       - There are 68 species of wildlife that is moderately abundant, comprising eight species of mammals, 48 species of birds, seven species of reptiles, and five species of amphibians. Animals in this group are Northern Treeshrew, Red-breasted Parakeet, Calotes Versicolor, and Ornate Narrow-mouthed Frog.
       - There are 245 species wildlife that is low abundant, including 32 species of mammals, 169 species of birds, 29 species of reptiles, and 15 species of amphibians. Animals in this group are Pig-tailed Macaque, Red-necked Keelback, and Mottle Bush Frog.