The Survey Area:
        It has a mountainous terrain, and complex hills, a wide area with steep slopes, especially in areas with only one mountain such as Phu Pha Kuk, Phu Pha Ya, Phu Pha Wiang, and Phu Rang. Phu Plaek is at 607 meters above sea level, Phu Rang (ErawanCave) at 455 meters, Phu Sang at 569 meters, Phu Pha Daeng at 524 meters, and the average altitude is between 205-607 meters, and the hilly area is 200-400 meters above sea level. Most of the soils are sandy loam and laterite soil, alternating with sandstone outcrops scattered throughout the area. The rock types are sandstone and found in the areas of Phu Phra Bat Bua Ban, Phu Pha Daeng, and Phu Hin Chom That and etc. In the hills that are 400 meters above sea level, most of the soil is sandy loam alternating with limestone outcrops scattered throughout the area. The rock types are limestone mountains found in Phu Pha Kuk (Suwan Khuha Cave), Phu Pha Ya, Phu Pha Wiang, and Phu Rang (Erawan Cave).

      The climate in general is subtropical, with a minimum temperature of between 15-25 degrees Celsius, and the highest temperature of between 25-32 degrees Celsius. The average temperature is about 25 degrees Celsius, with an average rainfall of 1650 annual mm, 3 seasons. There are three seasons as follows:
      7.1 The rainy season starts in May and lasts until October.
      7.2 Winter starts in November and lasts until February.
      7.3 Summer starts March and lasts until April

 Wildlife species
According to the survey and inquiry from villagers in the areas surrounding the forest, it was found that wild animals still living in the area. Most of them are small wild animals because most of the forest conditions are deciduous dipterocarp forest which is a forest with relatively little plant species diversity, is sparse, and close to the communities; therefore, it may be suitable only for certain types of wild animals.
         1.Mammals: According to the information gained by inquiring the people in the area, 20 species were found such as Black Panther, Wild Boar, Golden Jackal, Asian Palm Civets, Palm Civets, Small Asian Mongooses, Crab-Eating Macaques, Muntjacs, Lesser Mouse-Deer, Finlayson's Squirrel, Black Giant Squirrel, Lesser Bamboo Rat, Pangolins, Manis, and Malayan

         2. Amphibians: According to a survey by inquiring from people in the area, 10 species were found such as Chinese Edible Frogs, Rich Field Frogs, Capped Frogs, Truncate-Snouted Spadefoot Frogs, Bullfrog Bottles, Striped Spadefoot Frogs, Calluella guttulata, Asian Common Toad, Puddle Frog, Granulated Puddle Frog, Occidozyga Lima, and Common Tree Frog, etc.
        3.Reptiles: According to the information gained by inquiring from people in the area, more than 20 reptiles were discovered such as the Lizard Neck, Blue-crested Lizard, East Indian Brown Mabuya, Tokay, Bengal Monitor, Common Butterfly Lizard, Asian Box Turtle, Mekong Snail-Eating Turtle, Asiatic Softshell Turtle, Burmese Python, Reticulated Python, King Cobra, Siamese Cobra, Indochinese Rat Snake, Malayan Pit Viper, Banded Krait, and etc.

          4.Aquatic animals: According to the information gained by inquiring from the people in the area, 20 species are found such as Shrimp, Ricefield Crabs, Spiny Rock Crab, Asian Redtail Catfish, Giant Snakeheads, Channa Striata, Dwarf Snakehead Or Red-Tailed Snakehead, Siamese Mud Carp, Thai River Sprat, Marble Goby Or Oxyeleotris marmorata, Zig-Zag Eel, Peacock Eel, Three Spot Gourami, Millionfish, River Snails, and etc.
5. Birds: According to the information gained by inquiring from people in the area, more than 40 species are found such as Greater Coucals, Asian Koel, Eurasian Hoopoe, Oriental Magpie-robin, Blue Whistling-thrush, Black Drongo, Greater Racket-tailed Drongo, Paddyfield Pipit, and Common Iora.

Forest Types, Forest Conditions, and Plant Species
10.1 Mixed Deciduous (Mixed deciduous Forest)
          During the survey, a plant community found in the mixed deciduous forests are plants in the family LEGUMMINOSAE and plants that were mostly commonly found include Burma Padauk (Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz), Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Tobu., Papilionaceae (Millettia leucantha Kurz var.) Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib, and Indian Coral tree (Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.), etc., followed by the RUBIACEAE family include Rothmannia eucodon (K.Schum.) Bremek., Morinda coreia Ham., Wild Cinchona (Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.)), (Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale, and Creeping lady's sorrel (Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb.), etc. And the EUPHORBIACEAE family, including Croton poilanei Gagnep., Suregada multiflorum (A.Juss.) Baill, etc. Bamboos that are found scattered in the area include Gigantochloa albociliata Munro, Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble and Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees).

        The undergrowth plants and annual plants found include: Christmas bush (Chromolaena odoratum (L.) R.M. King & H.Rob.), Stemona tuberosa Lour., Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr., Jackal Jujube (Capparis tenera Dalzell), Big Lygodium (Lygodium circinatum (Burm. f.)), Bustard cardamom (Amomum uliginosum K.D. Koenig), Oxalis corniculata L., and Amorphophallus brevispathus Gagnep, etc. Mixed deciduous forests can be found in the piedmonts and along the hillsides. The soil in this forest is quite deep, with scattered bamboo soil. The area is densely forested with bamboo.

10.2 Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest
             It is found in the piedmonts and slopes up to 500 meters above mean sea level. The conditions in the area are arid, shallow topsoil mixed with rocks and gravel. A large number of well-drained outcrops are scattered everywhere. The most notable plant species are in the rubber tree family (Dipterocarpaceae), which includes Burma Sal (Shorea obtusa Wall. ex Blume), Shorea siamensis Miq., Hairy Keruing (Dipterocarpus obtusifolius Teijsm. ex Miq.), Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb.) and Anisoptera costata Korth. and etc.

            Important plants are found in every area. A prominent canopy covers no less than 60-80% of the area while plants belonging to the other families found scattered in Burma padauk (Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz), White Myrtle (Lagerstroemia calyculata Kurz), Parinari anamensis Hance, Cratoxylum formosum (Jack), Kenari (Canarium subulatum Guillaumin), Strychnos nux-vomica L., Morinda coreia ham., Irvingia malayana Oliv. ex A.W.Benn), Quercus kerrii Craib, and Burmese lacquer (Gluta usitata (wall) Dinghou), etc, waiting for ground and annual plants. In the deciduous dipterocarp forest, there are Vienamosasa pusilla (A. Chev. & A. Camus) T. Q. Nguyen, Curcuma sp., White angel (Curcuma parviflora Wall.), Butea Superba Roxb., Glutinous yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.), Jackal Jujube (Capparis tenera Dalzell), False Black Pepper (Illigera trifoliata (Griff.) Dunn cucullata (Merr.) Kub), Utricularia delphinioides Thorel ex Pellegr.), Christmas bush (Chromolaena odoratum (L.) R.M. King & H.Rob.), Aganonerion polymorphum Pierre ex spire and Dendrolobium lanceolatum (Dunn) Schindl ., etc. In the dry season undergrowth plants and various herbaceous plants will be dry and shed the leaves which later become fuel and cause forest fire every year.

10.3 Dry Evergreen Forest can be found along both sides of the streams in the valleys with high humidity. The soil conditions are pretty deep, mostly dry evergreen forests adjacent to mixed deciduous forest areas. Usually, plants in dry evergreen forests are not resistant to fire. Therefore, if forest fires are not prevented in the dry evergreen forest, the area of this forest will be decreased because plants in mixed deciduous forests will spread into the dry evergreen forests because they are are more fire resistant. When the large trees fall down, deciduous trees, grasses and bamboos will propagate in their place. Dry evergreen trees are characterized by straight trunks, and relatively smooth barks, and are not fire resistant. In the evergreen plant community, the most common species of plants in the family LEGUMMINOSAE are Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib, Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub., Indian Coral tree (Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.) and Velvet tamarind (Dialium cochinchinense Pierre), followed by the MELIACEAE family, including Aglaia gigantea (Pierre) Pellegr, Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss., and Walsura trichostemon Miq, etc. Other parts of wood are found widely distributed in the area such as Youngton (Polyalthia asteriella Ridl.), Gonio thalamus laoticus (Finet & Gegnep.) Ban), Hopea ferrea Laness, Anisoptera costata Korth., Diospyros venosa Wall. ex A.DC.), Ebony (Diospyros mollis Griff.), Irvingia malayana Oliv. ex A.W.Benn.), Tummy-wood ( Careya arborea Roxb.) and Ceylon oak (Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken), etc.

          In addition, small plants are found in dry evergreen forests at height of less than 15 meters such as Streblus ilicifolius (Vidal) Corner, Gigantochloa albociliata (Roxb.) R.Br.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch. - Ham.) Sweet), tabernacle (Microcosm paniculata L.) and Schoepfia fragrans Wall., and etc. found in the dry evergreen forest floor and herbs in tune with investigation in the area such as Streblus ilicifolius (Vidal) Corner, Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.) Roscoe, aromatic ginger (Kaempferia galanga L.), Amorphophallus brevispathus Gagnep, and Globba Sp.

10.4 Lower Montane Scrub
           This type of forest is found on the rocky ground and rocks with shallow topsoil, or in rock crevices. It is an open forest, with stunted perennials, 3-8 meters tall, growing at the distance, alternating with shrubs 0.3-3.3 meters high. In some areas, shrubs of the same size are found in dense patches scattered throughout. It is a substitute plant community due to the influence of the forest or the influence of characteristics of soils and rocks formed by erosion. General scenery of the low hill grove is similar to that of an artificial garden or a rock garden. Plants found in the low hill groves such as Symplocos racemosa Roxb, Memecylon pauciflorum Blume, Dipterocarp obtusifolius Teijsm. EX Casuarina), Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.),Quercus ramsbottomii A. Camus , Catunaregam tomatoes (Blume ex DC.) Tirveng.) and etc.

           On the moist ground, mosses are found covering the rocks and barks. Undergrowth plants and herbaceous plants found in the area include Utricularia delphinioides Thorel EX Pellegr.), tropical sundew (Drosera burmanni Vahl), Broomrape (Aeginetia indigo L.), Aromatic Ginger (Kaempferia galanga L.), Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum stenochlamys Baker), Stemona tuberosa Lour ., Itch flower ( Cyrtococcum patens (L.) A. Camus) and Burmannia district L.), and etc.

10.5 Pine-Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest
           It is found during the survey in the high mountains at an altitude of 500-600 meters above mean sea level. The areas that this type of forest are found include Ban Sanamchai, Kut Hae Sub-district, Na Klang District, Nong Bua Lamphu Province, at an altitude of 500-600 m. Merkus pines (Pinus merkusii Jungh. & De Vriese) are distributed in the sdominant canopy, which is higher than that of the deciduous dipterocarp forest. The dominant plants include Merkus pines (Pinus merkusii Jungh. & De Vriese), Hairy Keruing (Dipterocarpus obtusifolius Teijsm. ex Miq.), Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb, Quercus kerrii (Quercus Kerrii Craib), Quercus Ramsbottomii A.Camus ., Burma Sal (Shorea obtusa Wall. ex Blumea), (Shorea siamensis Miq.), Symplocos racemosa Roxb, Aporusa stelliferous hook. F, Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth., Burmese lacquer (Gluta usitata (Wall.) Ding Hou, and Vitex pinnata L. and etc.