Tham Pla

Hermit Cave

Pha Suea Waterfall

Pang Oung

Mae Sanga reservoir or hydroelectric dam

Mae Sanga Klang Waterfall

Huai Pong On Waterfall

Phrabat Khu Cave

Soi Dao Waterfall

         It is a high fold mountains (complex mountain) that extends north and south. Its highest peaks are Doi Lan, Doi Tong Muak, Doi King Kom, Doi Laem, Doi Pang Hung, and Doi Na Klng Chang, with Doi Lan the highest pointat 1,918 meters above sea level. The area ranges in elevation from 300 to 1,900 meters above mean sea level with the average height of the structures at approximately 500 meters. It is a catchment area for the province's major rivers, including the Pai River, the Khong River, the Mae Sa Nga River, and the Mae Sa Ngee River.

The climate in Mae Hong Son Province is tropical and has  has three distinct seasons: the rainy season, which begins in mid-Mayunntil mid-October, which is influenced by the southwest monsoon.  Winter begins in November and lasts until February, influenced by the northeast monsoon, when high-pressure systems in China extend into Thailand, bringing with it cold and drought. This brings fog, on about three-quarters of the month of January, the majority of which occur at dawn. Summer season begins in mid-February and ends in mid-May and is humid and hot, with  April the hottest month of the year.

       Forest Resources
The terrain is made up of high mountains that run north to south which affects the the southwest monsoon  when it comes into contact with the mountain range. The area receives a different type of rainfall than other similar areas, and as a result, the Tham Pla - Namtok Pha Suea National Park contains a variety of forest types, increasing biodiversity. Some areas were previously logged for timber, so their ground plant ecosystem has been altered. The forest can be classified into six distinct categories.

        1. Mixed Deciduous Forest or Deciduous Forest covers approximately 30% of the area and is found near the summits, on the steep slopes along the hillside at to a height of approximately 1,000 meters above mean sea level, as wel as at the water’s edge. The soil is quite substantial, often having a middle layer. Forest fires spread on the ground during the dry season so the majority of plants are resistant to fire. The forest structure is divided into three layers: the canopy, the understory, and the lower layer. Natural reproduction is relatively slow, but significant species include Lagerstroemia calyculata Kurz, Burma Padauk, Black Rosewood, Iron Wood, Golden Fig, and Bombox anceps. Additionally, a large amount of bamboo has been discovered.

        2. Tropical Evergreen Forest covers around 35% of the land. The soil is quite dense and moist, and the fhe forest structure is divided into three layers: the canopy, the understory, and the lower level. Natural reproduction is relatively slow, and Rubber, Burma Padauk, and Alstonia scholaris have the highest densities. Additionally, there is Rattan, Ginger, Alpinia malaccensis, and a variety of ferns growing along the ground.

        3. Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest is a deciduous forest found along the ridges and on the slopes at a height of between 300 and 900 meters above sea level. Itcovers approximately 15% of the total areaThe soil is quite thin, with outcrop areas being a mix of gravel and sand. In the dry season forest fires are common, so  all the plants are stunted on a regular basis. The forest structure is composed of only two layers, and natural reproduction is limited. Important species include Burma Sal, Burmese Sal, Lagerstroemia floribunda Jack, and Sindora siamensis Teijsm.

      4. Coniferous forest (Pine forests) is a type of forest that is found between 200 and 1,800 meters above sea level. It covers approximately 5% of the land withboth Merkus Pine (Pinus merkusii Jungh & De Vriese) and Khasiya Pine (Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon) found in Deciduous dipterocarp forest Imperata cylindrica makes up the majority of the plants on the ground.

        5. Forest Plantation covers approximately 10% of the total land area, including the Mok Champae -Mae Sa Nga Forest Plantation, the Pang Tong Royal Initiative Project 1 (Huai Maukhuea Som), and the Pang Tong Royal Initiative Project 2 (Pang Ung) redevelopment projects. The Mae Pai Fang-Khwa Ton Tai National Reserved Forest (1) and (2) as Huai Pha Forest Plantation. Teak, Khasiya Pine (Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon), and Colocasia gigantea are among the plants in the area.

       6. Disturbed forests accounts for approximately 5% of the area is covered by forest. Humans have encroached on these areas over time, clearing them for agriculture. However, the government has recently pushed out human activity to allow the forest to recover. It is expected that if no further intrusion occurs then  these areas may once again become fertile. Due to the diversity of forest types in the area, there is an abundance of economically valuable wood, and without conservation, these natural resources may rapidly degrade, altering the plant and animal communities within the ecosystem.

Wildlife Resources
The majority of information gathered from wildlife resource surveys comes from direct encounters with wildlife. Together with the discovery of animal tracks and inquiring of the local populace about species, abundance, and status, as well as some biology, the following can be separated.
- 123 species of birds
- 30 species of mammals
- 5 species of amphibians
- 30 species of reptiles
- 20 species of freshwater fish
- 200 species of insects